What is flattening a PDF?

Flattening a PDF means that transparent objects in the document are converted to a different format that a printer is better able to handle. When these objects are not properly flattened, transparencies arise. These are partly transparent areas around the design. Transparencies are often not visible on a screen, but because the printers cannot process them properly, they do become visible when printed. We explain here how to flatten transparencies in Adobe Indesign or Illustrator.